I would like to travel to Paris for new years?I am a full time international student in Scotland?

I am a full time international student in Scotland?I would like to visit France during christmas/new years?Where is the closest french consulate?Do i need a visa?Which would be the cheapest route for travel to Paris.From Edinburgh or Glasgow or London?Do let me know what you people think and recommend.Much appreciation.

Transit France Visa to tour Paris?

I am Indian citizen travelling back to India from US. I have travelled on B1 visa to US and while going back home, I wish to tour Paris for a day. What kind of visa will be required?

Also in that case, do I have to chekout all my luggage from airport?